海洋环境中微塑料的生态毒性效应研究进展

Overview of Ecotoxic Effects of Microplastics in Marine Environment

微塑料由于颗粒小难去除分布广等特性,成为日益备受关注的一种新型污染物,尤其是在海洋环境中。该文参考了近年来国内外关于微塑料的报道,从来源、分布以及其对生态系统的影响等方面综述了微塑料在海洋环境中的生态毒性效应。其中对生态系统的影响主要包括:对动植物造成损伤、随营养级积累、释放和吸附有毒物质、微生物载体等四方面。并提出后续关注方向,如加强纤维与轮胎细颗粒等类型微塑料、微塑料与其它污染物联合吸附暴露风险以及从源头防控策略等方面研究。

Microplastics have become an emerging pollutant,which attracts increasing attention,especially in the marine environment due to its small size,difficult removal and wide distribution.Referring from the recent reports on microplastics in the world,this paper summarizes the ecotoxic effects of microplastics in marine environment including their sources,distribution and their impacts on marine ecosystem.Specifically,the impacts on marine ecosystem involve their damage to animals and plants,their accumulation of food web in food chain,release and adsorption of toxic substances and microorganisms as potential transporting carriers.We also propose the following required researches including to strengthen the exposure risk of microplastics involving fibers and tire fine particles,to combine adsorption of microplastics and other pollutants,and to prevent and control strategies from their sources.