设施蔬菜重金属镉修复技术应用效果探析

Application Effect Analysis on Cadmium Repairment Techniques in Facilities Vegetable

为探讨土壤改良剂及农艺措施对设施蔬菜土壤重金属镉修复的田间应用效果,在设施大棚田闲期间种植镉敏感蔬菜芝麻菜,根据文献资料和试验结果筛选羟基磷灰石、水稻生物炭、磷酸二氢钾3种改良剂与深翻农艺措施,进行单项与组合修复试验。设置对照、羟基磷灰石、水稻生物质炭、深翻、羟基磷灰石+深翻、水稻生物质炭+深翻、羟基磷灰石+水稻生物质炭+深翻、磷酸二氢钾+水稻生物质炭+深翻8种处理,研究分析其对土壤总镉、有效态镉、菜叶含量、菜根含量、芝麻菜吸收特征和产量的影响。结果表明:(1)与对照比较,所有修复措施都降低芝麻菜菜叶中镉的含量,生物炭+深翻、磷酸二氢钾+生物炭+深翻分别降低25.85%和23.74%;所有修复措施都增加了芝麻菜菜根中镉含量,深翻和羟基磷灰石+生物炭+深翻分别增加25.39%和24.34%。(2)所有修复措施不同程度地降低了芝麻菜的富集系数值和转运系数值,磷酸二氢钾+生物炭+深翻和生物炭+深翻处理富集系数比对照低41.31%和39.40%,差异显著;与对照比深翻处理降低芝麻菜转运系数32.28%,差异显著。(3)与对照比所有处理产量差异不显著。综合比较生物炭+深翻是可以兼顾设施蔬菜正常生产和土壤重金属镉污染修复同时进行的有效措施。

To study application effect of soil conditioner and agronomic measures on cadmium in facilities vegetable,cadmium sensitive vegetable-arugula were grown during idle time,screening of hydroxyapatite,rice biochar,monopotassium and deeper ploughing which based on literature review and the test results.In the experiment there were 8 kinds of treatments were setted including CK,hydroxyapatite,rice biochar,deeper ploughing,hydroxyapatite+deeper ploughing,rice biochar+deeper ploughing,hydroxyapatite+rice biochar+deeper ploughing and monopotassium+rice biochar+deeper ploughing.The results showed:(1)Biochar+deeper ploughing can significantly reduce the soil available cadmium to 25.91%.Compared with the CK,all measures reduced the content of cadmium in arugulas leaves,biochar+deeper ploughing and monopotassium+biochar+deeper ploughing decreased 25.85%and 23.74%respectively.All the restoration measures increased the content of cadmium in arugula root,which increased 25.39%and 24.34%by deeper ploughing and hydroxyapatite+rice biochar+deeper ploughing respectively.(2)All the measures reduced the bio-concentration factor(BCF)and translocation factor(TF)of arugula to different degrees.Monopotassium+biochar+deeper ploughing and biochar+deeper ploughing significantly reduced the BCF 41.31%and 39.40%,respectively.(3)Biochar+deeper ploughing is an effective measure to take into account both the normal production and the remediation of heavy metal cadmium pollution in soil.