铁皮石斛新品种福斛1号的选育

Breeding a New Variety of Dendrobium officinale, Fuhu 1

【目的】选育适宜福建本地推广的优质高产铁皮石斛新品种,促进福建省铁皮石斛产业的可持续性发展。【方法】以连城县冠豸山野生种L-2为母本自然授粉获得蒴果,从其后代实生苗中筛选出农艺性状好、茎条产量高等综合性状最优株系LF-9。利用组培技术无性扩繁LF-9株系种苗,以冠豸山野生种L-2为对照,经多年多点试验、品质检测、显微结构鉴定、分子鉴定,其品质优良,定名为福斛1号。【结果】福斛1号2年区域试验平均鲜茎条产量4777.5 kg·hm-2,比对照野生种L-2增产17.7%,增产达极显著水平。收获期调查福斛1号疫病发病率平均0.9%,比对照发病轻50.0%,黑斑病发病率平均7.3%,比对照发病轻29.8%。福斛1号石斛多糖含量51.8%,比对照提高8.8%;醇溶性浸出物含量15.3%,比对照提高82.1%。【结论】福斛1号于2016年通过福建省农作物品种认定(闽认药2016001),其具有农艺性状好、产量高、品质优、抗逆性强等优良特性,可作为福建省推广种植的优良铁皮石斛新品种。

【Objective】A new high-quality,high-yield Dendrobium officinale variety suitable for cultivation in Fujian was bred.【Method】The capsules of D.officinale were obtained from natural pollination of L-2,a wild species found at Guanzhaishan in Liancheng County.From the offspring seedlings,LF-9 with the most desirable agronomic traits,growth potential,and stem yield was selected and rapidly propagated in tissue culture.【Result】After years of experimental cultivations at various localities,LF-9 excelled L-2(CK)in quality evaluation,by microstructure observation,and with molecular identification.It was named Fuhu 1 and rendered in two-year regional tests an average fresh stem yield of 4,777.5 kg·hm-2,which was 17.7%higher than that of CK.At harvest,merely 0.9%of the plants were infected by the blight disease.The infection rate was 50.0%lower than that of CK.For the black spot disease,the occurrence rate was 7.3%,which was29.8%lower that of CK.On the contents of functional ingredients,Fuhu 1 contained 51.8%polysaccharides,i.e.,8.8%higher than CK,and 15.3%alcohol soluble,i.e.,82.1%higher than CK.【Conclusion】D.officinale var.Fuhu 1 was certified by the Committee of Identifying Variety in Fujian Province in 2016(Fujian Medicine No.2016001).It was a superior variety with highly desirable agronomic properties including high yield,high quality,and strong disease resistance and considered a promising new D.officinale for commercial cultivation in Fujian.