肯尼亚新土地精英的崛起与殖民话语的延续

The Rise of New Landed Elites and the Perpetuation of Colonial Discourse in Kenya

自1963年肯尼亚独立,英国殖民主义在政治意义上已经终结,但土地制度却没有经历过变革。在此背景下,肯尼亚社会涌现出一批新土地精英,攫取了独立带来的土地利益,引起整个社会对独立的反思。本文通过白人高地殖民历史、与土地相关的社会结构数据和基利菲郡新土地精英故事,阐释新土地精英的崛起过程,剖析殖民话语得以延续的深层逻辑。研究发现,新土地精英获取土地主要依靠两种方式,一是“继承”白人;二是利用政府推行的土地安置计划。这两种方式的实施激活了英国长期殖民给肯尼亚人带来的苦难记忆,并由此形成了殖民话语依赖。

The land system has not undergone profound changes since Kenya's independence in 1963,although British colonialism had left in a political sense.The new landed elites who capture the land benefits of independence have emerged in Kenya,and this has caused Kenyan society to rethink independence.This paper draws on White Highlands history,social structural data related to land,and stories of new landed elites in Kilifi to explain the rise of new landed elites and the underlying logic that perpetuates the colonial discourse.There are two approaches to acquire land by new landed elites:‘inheriting’Europeans and taking advantage of the government's Land Resettlement Project.The process of implementing these two approaches activated the memory of suffering by British colonization and created a pathway of colonial discourse.