维和行动塑造国家能力?——基于刚果(金)的比较案例分析

Can Peacekeeping Operations Shape State Capacity?——A Comparative Case Study of Democratic Republic of Congo

公共产品、国家能力和解决冲突之间存在线性的逻辑关系。国家能力是供给公共产品的保障,一国政府稳定、公正地供给公共产品可以显著地降低国内冲突复发的风险。联合国维和行动作为一项重要的国际安全公共产品,其建设和平内容的核心逻辑认为通过对“脆弱国家”的能力建设,可以从根本上解决冲突的根源。那么,国际公共产品可以塑造当事国供给公共产品的国家能力吗?通过对在刚果(金)先后执行的联刚特派团和联刚稳定团的比较分析发现,联合国维和行动可以较好地提供临时性的安全、政治秩序保障,扮演临时公共部门的角色,是一种补充性的公共安全产品,而未能很好地塑造当事国的国家能力。其经验教训在于,应将和平环境作为建设和平的前提条件,积极谋求当事国对于行动的支持,界定好维和行动的限度。联合国维和行动应在捍卫好其核心职能的前提下,积极探索基于当事国本土知识的国家发展模式。

There is a linear logical relationship between public goods,state capacity and conflict resolution.State capacity is the guarantee of providing public goods,and a stable and fair supply of public goods by a government can significantly reduce the risk of domestic conflict recurrence.As an important public good of international security,the core logic of UN peacekeeping operations is that the root causes of conflicts can be fundamentally solved through capacity building of“fragile states”.So,can international public goods shape the state capacity of the state concerned to supply public goods?Through comparative analysis of two UN missions in the Democratic Republic of Congo found that the UN peacekeeping operations can better play a role of temporary public sector,but not qualified enough to shape the state capacity of the state concerned.The experience and lesson are that we should attach importance to a peaceful environment as a prerequisite for peace building,actively seek support from the countries concerned for peacekeeping operations,and define the limits of peacekeeping operations.On the premise of safeguarding its core functions,UN peacekeeping operations should actively explore a national development model based on the local knowledge of the country concerned.