埃塞俄比亚工业化战略实践评析(1991~2019年)

The Practice and Reflection of Ethiopia’s Industrialization Strategy(1991-2019)

在埃塞俄比亚人民革命民主阵线的领导下,埃塞俄比亚政府自20世纪90年代开始积极推动国家的经济结构转型,特别是致力于发展由轻工制造业主导的工业化。通过颁布执行一系列促进工业化发展的产业政策,并积极发挥政府联结动员商业部门的能力,埃塞俄比亚经济在过去20余年间实现高速增长,工业化转型也初见成效。不过,受制于一系列因素,埃塞俄比亚的轻工制造业发展仍具有一定局限性,产业政策在强化关键产业间关联效应等方面存在缺陷,政府在动员更广泛的市场行为体,特别是在后招商阶段加强对投资者的关系维护等方面亦有不足,国内营商环境改善的迟缓也限制了埃塞俄比亚工业化的转型。对埃塞俄比亚工业化实践的总结与反思对埃塞俄比亚政府经济结构转型升级,及外部发展伙伴调整对埃合作方式具有重要意义。

Since the 1990s,led by Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front,the Ethiopian government has started to promote the country’s economic structural transformation,particularly seeking a light-manufacturing-oriented industrialization.By implementing a series of industrial policies and mobilizing a range of business actors,Ethiopia’s economy has witnessed rapid growth and preliminary transformation results.That said,the development of Ethiopia’s light manufacturing industry still suffers from some limitation.First,the industrial policy doesn’t adequately promote effective linkages among key industrial sectors;second,the government lacks in its capacity in terms of mobilizing a broader range of market actors,and maintaining close relations with investors in the post-investment-promotion stage;last,the slow progress of commercial environment improvement also limits the country’s industrialization transformation.Reflection on Ethiopia’s industrialization practice has important implications to the government’s deepening of economic structural transformation as well as external development partners’s adjustment of their cooperation method with Ethiopia.