撒哈拉以南非洲法语戏剧: 起源、发展与趋势

French-language Drama in Sub-Saharan Africa:Origins,Development and Trends

戏剧是撒哈拉以南非洲出现最早的法语文学体裁。撒哈拉以南非洲法语戏剧发展历程曲折多变,从戏剧创作艺术手法上看,它从模仿西方古典戏剧发展而来,随后衍生出早期的大众民俗戏剧、西化戏剧和本土戏剧,进入20世纪90年代发展为当代戏剧。这类戏剧的创作手法充满着多元化色彩,如果说西化戏剧是以西方传统戏剧技巧为蓝本进行剧目创作的戏剧作品;本土戏剧则结合非洲传统美学艺术来革新非洲戏剧,以实现非洲戏剧现代化为目标,但它们多数因发展困难而最终难以持续;当代非洲戏剧则超越“非洲”作为主要创作源泉的束缚,而汲取更多其他综合元素进行创作。因而当代戏剧作品语言更加诗意化,创作目的更加强调美学功能,作品内容在充分彰显身份与暴力主题的同时也越发倾向于人文主义大关怀的发展趋势。

Drama is the earliest French literary genre in sub-Saharan Africa.The development of French drama in sub-Saharan Africa has been tortuous.From the perspective of artistic techniques of drama creation,it began by imitating Western classical drama,developing into early popular folk drama,then into Westernized drama and local drama.During the 1990s,it developed into contemporary drama.The creative techniques of French drama in sub-Saharan Africa are full of diversity.While Westernized drama is based on traditional western drama techniques,local drama is an innovative product of traditional African aesthetics which modernize African drama.Few attempts of such drama have succeeded.However,contemporary African drama did get rid of the shackles of“Africa”as the main source of its creation,and integrated more other comprehensive elements for creation.As a result of this,the language of contemporary drama is more poetic,there is more emphasis on the aesthetic functions,and the content embodies humanism as well as the themes of identity and violence.