宋代中国与非洲贸易图景研究

A Study on the Trade Picture between China and Africa in Song Dynasty

宋代中国已经形成了一个较为完整的海外贸易网络,逐步开拓了与非洲的贸易往来,初步建立了具有实质内涵的贸易体系。宋代古籍中有关勿斯里、木兰皮、层檀等国的记载亦成为宋人乃至后世了解这段中非交往史的关键信息。彼时,宋代不仅将航道延伸至北非,而且开辟了横跨印度洋,直达东非的越洋航线。随着宋瓷、宋币在非洲的相继出土,以及有关中非香料、象牙贸易的记载,进一步印证了中非之间存在直接贸易联系的事实,由此奠定了古代“海上丝绸之路”的基本形态。历史地看,中非关系不如“东亚秩序”那般有着紧密的等级政治依附与儒家文化烙印,仅有的是纯粹的经济互动,且是属于“两个文明圈”的交往。

A relatively complete overseas trade network had been formed in Song Dynasty,at the time,the trade between China and Africa had already begun,so the trade system of China and Africa had a certain substantive content.The record of the“Wu Si Li”“Mu Lan Pi”“Ceng Tan”in Song Dynasty books also became the key information which the people of the Song Dynasty and even later generations to understand this period of Sino-African relations.At that time,the Song Dynasty not only extended the sea-route to North Africa,but also opened up a trans-oceanic sea-route to East Africa.Since then,the possibility of direct trade between Song Dynasty and Africa was confirmed,with the discovery of Song Dynasty porcelain and coins in Africa,as well as the records of the spices and ivory in Song Dynasty,because of these information,the Sino-African“Maritime Silk Road”was shaped.As a result,although the Sino-African trade system in Song Dynasty was not as close as the“East Asian”,it was not illusory.In fact,economic interaction between China and Africa,but the lack of political and cultural identity shaped the Sino-African uniqueness of“Unconspicuous Tribute System”.