国内族群政治背景下的埃塞俄比亚与厄立特里亚关系探析

Research on the Relationship between Ethiopia and Eritrea in the Perspective of Ethiopian Ethnic Politics

作为一个多民族国家,埃塞俄比亚的民族政策按照执政民族的不同可分为阿比西尼亚帝国时期的单一国族认同政策、门格斯图军政府时期的民族自治政策和从过渡政府时期开始奉行的民族联邦自治政策。随着民族政策的推进与演变,埃塞俄比亚的族群政治发展迅猛,形成民族认同高于国家认同的情况。埃厄两国关系由敌对到和解的转变反映了埃塞各届政府基于族群政治博弈下的政治重心由北向南的地域性转移。作为一个统一的多民族国家,埃塞俄比亚当前的国家安全重心逐渐由保证领土安全转向维护国内政治稳定。民族自治政策下埃塞俄比亚国内各民族激化的政治诉求在埃厄关系正常化过程中发挥了根本性的作用。

As a multi-ethnic country,the ethnic policies in Ethiopia can be concluded into three different stages,which are the single nationality policy pursued by the Abyssinia Empire,the ethnic autonomy policy pursued by the Mengistu Military Government and the ethnic federalism&regional autonomy policy since the establishment of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia,according to the disparities in the ruling ideas held by the ethnic groups in power.With the progress and transformation of the ethnic policies,the ethnic politics in Ethiopia burgeons rapidly in which the ethnic identity surpasses the national identity.In this context,it is obvious that the change of its diplomatic relation towards Eritrea is the reflection of its transition in regional political balancing based on the ethnic political competition decided by the Ethiopia government.As a unified multi-ethnic country,Ethiopia’s national security focus has shifted from keeping the territorial integrity to stabilizing the domestic politics.Under the ethnic federalism&regional autonomy policy,the intensified political demands of the ethnic groups in Ethiopia has played a fundamental role in the normalization of the relationship between Ethiopia and Eritrea.