国际刑事法院巴希尔逮捕令的执行困局及变数

The ICC’s Arrest Warrant for Omar Al-Bashir:Execution Difficulties and Uncertainties

2009年3月4日和2010年7月12日,国际刑事法院以在任苏丹总统巴希尔在达尔富尔地区犯下两项战争罪、五项反人类罪和三项种族灭绝罪为由,先后对其发出两份逮捕令。这是国际刑事法院自2002年成立以来,首次向在任国家元首签发逮捕令。然而,由于国际刑事法院本身不具执行力,巴希尔又是苏丹的在任总统,加之一些成员国的"放水"或抵触等,该逮捕令一直未能得到执行。2019年4月,巴希尔政权在民众持续的抗议浪潮中倒台,这使巴希尔逮捕令的执行出现了转机。目前,苏丹各方势力已无意或无力阻止国际刑事法院追究巴希尔的"罪行"。出于迎合民众诉求、推进国内和平进程及缓解外部压力等需要,苏丹过渡政府很可能会将已成众矢之的的巴希尔移交国际刑事法院受审。

On March 4,2009 and July 12,2010,the International Criminal Court issued two arrest warrants for Omar Hassan Ahmad Al-Bashir,then president of Sudan,for five crimes against humanity,two for war crimes and three for genocide.This is the first time that ICC issued arrest warrants to the incumbent head of state since its establishment in July 2002.However,due to the ICC itself has no executive power,Al-Bashir is the current president of Sudan,and the non-cooperation of some ICC members,the arrest warrant has not been implemented.In April 2019,Al-Bashir’s regime collapsed in the continuous wave of public protest,which made the execution of the arrest warrant for Al-Bashir a turning point.At present,all parties in Sudan have no intention or ability to prevent the ICC from prosecuting Al-Bashir’s“crimes”.In order to meet the demands of the people,promote the domestic peace process and ease the external pressure,the transitional government of Sudan is likely to transfer Al-Bashir,which has been the target of public criticism,to the ICC for trial.