历史遗产、民族国家与族群冲突:缅甸“罗兴亚问题”的内在历史政治逻辑

Historical Heritage,Nation-State and Ethnic Conflict:the Historical and Political Logic in Myanmar's“Rohingya Issue”

缅甸在2011年正式拉开了国家政治转型的序章,并由此在经济、社会、文化及外交等领域都开展了全方位的改革,系列改革使得缅甸的政治社会空间从闭塞封锁迅速转变为开放多元。政治转型导致国家统治能力下降,过度分裂的社会基础出现了沿着民族和宗教边界的裂痕,并由此爆发了不同宗教和民族间的冲突。交织着民族冲突的“罗兴亚问题”便是缅甸政治转型进程中“阴暗面”的典型。“罗兴亚问题”在本质上是缅甸近代以来殖民历史、政治转型及分裂社会等复杂现代国家历史进程中遗存的内政问题,它不仅紧密地与缅甸近代以来的历史发展变迁有关,而且也同缅甸的现代民族国家构建的进程密切相关。基于此,本文试图借助现代民族国家建构等理论资源,采取过程追踪等方式阐释“罗兴亚问题”的内在历史政治逻辑。本文对“罗兴亚问题”的阐释,将有助于正本清源式地看待“罗兴亚问题”的前因后果,并将有助于为缅甸政治转型、社会冲突及民族国家建构等方面的研究提供参考。

After preparation for nearly two decades,Myanmar startcd to transition to a civilian government led by the Solidarity and Development Party,which marked Myanmar's political transition from a military regime to a civilian regime.Due to the high-pressure rule by the military group in its long-term governance,the deep divisions in ethnic,religious,cultural and other problems are all suppressed and concealed in Myanmar society.Due to the civilian government's national capacity being so weak during the political transition period,it caused fierce social conflicts in this period.The“Rohingya Issue”usually bc regarded as a typical cxamplc of social conflicts in Myanmar's political transition period,and is also regardcd as the“Dark Side”in this transition period.The“Rohingya Issue”is a complex internal affairs issue caused by Myanmar's colonial history,political transition and social division in modern times.It is not only closely related to the historical development of Myanmar in modern times,but also closely linked to the nation-building of Myanmar.Based on this,this article attempts to explain the historical and political logic of the“Rohingya Issuc”with the help of theoretical resources such as nation-building and others.This article will help clear up the causes and consequences of the“Rohingya Issue”and increase the knowledge accumulation for research on social conflicts and nation-building in Myanmar.