向下扎根:新时代政党领导乡村治理的机制建构和效能分析

Rooting Down:The Mechanism Building and Performance Evaluation of Party-Led Rural Governance in the New Era

基层是国家治理的重要场域,乡村基层治理是国家治理体系的基本组成部分。“向下扎根”是新时代政党嵌入并改造乡村治理结构的整体趋势,其目标是实现党对基层工作的全面领导和乡村治理的现代化。本文聚焦新时代“党管农村”的三个关键机制——驻村工作队和第一书记制度、“一肩挑”制度、村级权力监督制度,基于实地调查和问卷数据,深度剖析党管农村的制度架构、运行状态和未来走向。新时代政党领导乡村治理正走向全面制度化和规范化,党和国家治理单元的战略性下沉(“向下扎根”)不仅将转变改革开放以来中国乡村的治理逻辑和政治生态,并且将对政党权威、政治稳定乃至国家治理产生深远影响。

Rural society has been a vital domain of state governance.Rural governance constitutes an integral part of China's state governance system.“Rooting down”is the overall trend for the Communist Party of China to embed and transform the rural governance structure in the new era,with its strategic goal of establishing the Party's compressive rule over rural society and modernizing grassroots governance.This article explains the three key mechanisms of“Party-led rural governance”:(1)the system of work teams and the first party secretary;(2)the multiple-job holding system of rural leaders;(3)the village-level power supervision system.Drawing on intensive fieldwork and novel survey data,this research looks closely into institutional arrangements,operating performance and evolving trend of Party-led governance of rural society.In the new era,the Party-led rural governance is undergoing a process of comprehensive institutionalization and standardization.The strategic subsidence of the party-state governing unit(“rooting down”)will not only transform the governance pattern and political ecology of China's rural society,but also generate profound implications to the Party authority,political stability,and state governance in China.