中国认知民主的决策之维:以中国共产党的调查研究为观察对象

The Decision-making Dimension of Epistemic Democracy in China:the Investigation and Research of the CPC as Observation Subject

认知民主理论把国家视为一个认知系统,决策过程即:将分散和潜在的社会知识和专门知识及共同价值观汇聚起来,形成优质政策。知识汇聚机制主要有“以决策者为中心”“以分散知识持有者为中心”等。一方面,中国共产党调查研究方法所规定的领导干部亲身开展实地调查、主持重大课题调研等,是一种典型的“以决策者为中心”的知识汇聚机制。一般情况下,调查研究能够发挥锚定政策价值、生产政策知识、孵化政策创新、构建政策共识等功能,产出优质政策。另一方面,中国共产党发展的马克思主义认识论,为“以决策者为中心”的知识汇聚机制的认识论奠定了基础。从决策维度看,中国认知民主的优势和特色是“以决策者为中心”。

In Epistemic democracy theory,the State is regarded as an epistemic system,and the decision-making process is to aggregate the dispersed and potential social knowledge,expertise,and shared values to form high-quality policies.The knowledge aggregation mechanism mainly includes that centres on the decision makers and that on the dispersed knowledge holders,etc.On the one hand,the CPC's method of investigation and research,which stipulates that leading cadres should personally conduct field surveys and lead research on major topics,is a typical“decision-maker-centred”knowledge aggregation mechanism.In normal circumstances,investigation and research can play the roles of anchoring policy value,producing policy knowledge,incubating policy innovation and constructing policy consensus,so as to produce high-quality policies.On the other hand,the Marxist epistemology developed by the CPC constitutes the epistemology of“decision-maker-centred”knowledge aggregation mechanism.Thus,epistemic democracy not only exists in China,but the important advantage and characteristic of Chinese democracy is also manifest in its epistemic democracy that is“centered on decision-makers”.