澳大利亚对华政策变化的外交价值原则根源

在中澳两国建交49年里,双边关系至今为止已出现过三次高潮和四轮危机。中澳关系的起起伏伏主要是澳大利亚对华政策的两面性所致;澳大利亚对华政策的两面性,可以从澳大利亚外交价值原则的矛盾性中找到根源。澳大利亚外交价值原则的矛盾性源于其自身定位与国际环境之间的矛盾,具体体现在两个方面:其一,虽然澳大利亚的自身定位是“中等强国”,本质上却是依附性的;其二,虽然澳大利亚国家身份的自我定位是“融入亚洲”,本质上依然是政治上和文化上的西方国家。近年来,由于国际环境变化,这一矛盾性外交价值原则既有的内部“平衡”被打破,澳大利亚外交因而开始急剧向依附性退化,“回归”西方国家身份;由此导致澳大利亚对华政策发生质变,进而使得中澳关系陷入不同以往的新一轮危机中。除国际政治环境根源外,澳大利亚外交价值原则失衡还受到本国政治的影响。

In the past 48 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Australia,the two sides have witnessed three times of high tides and four times of crisis in their bilateral relations.The ups and downs in the Sino-Australian relations can be mainly attributed to the dual characters of Australia's China policy,which is rooted in its controversial diplomatic principles.And the duality of Australia's diplomatic principles stems from the discrepancy between its own identity and the international environment,which is specifically embodied in two respects:first,Australia identifies itself as a middle power in spite of the nature of dependency on great powers in its foreign policy;second,Australia identifies itself as an Asian country geographically in spite of the nature of Australia as a Western country regarding its politics and culture.In recent years,with the changing/changed international environment,the unbalance of the existing Australian diplomatic principles is bringing about the dramatic retreat of Australia into dependent diplomacy,and its“return”to the identity of Australia as a Western nation,which consequently results in the qualitative changes in Australia's China policy,and makes Sino-Australian relations mired in a new type of crisis.Besides the international political factor,another origin of the unbalance of the existing Australian diplomatic principles is from its domestic politics.