西方公共行政理论的价值取向变迁及其演化逻辑:基于范式转换视角的比较分析

西方公共行政学作为一门独立的学科,自诞生以来其范式转换和理论争鸣都是以价值取向的变迁为牵引,面向工具理性还是面向价值理性成为引领学科发展和主导公共行政学嬗变历程的外在表征,也成为理解公共行政学合法性危机和身份危机的逻辑线索。为此,本研究立足于行政科学和政治哲学分野之下的价值取向和行政实践,进一步明晰各种行政理论范式发展演化的时代场景、基本立场和价值清单,揭示和彰显价值取向变迁过程中效率与公平、事实与价值、科学与伦理、规范与实证、实然与应然、“理性交互”与“理性悖论”等之于理论演化的现实意义,并具体概括论析西方公共行政理论的嬗变根源与逻辑谱系,唯此才能洞悉行政理论演进的实质与内核,并在各种理论交锋与实践争论中深刻理解行政理论发展的路径依赖与路径变迁,寻求公共行政理论的未来发展理路。

As an independent discipline,western public administration has been guided by the change of value orientation since its birth.Facing instrumental rationality or value rationality has become the external characterization of leading the discipline development and the evolution process of public administration,which also becomes a logical clue to understand the legitimacy crisis and identity crisis of public administration.Therefore,the study will be based on the value orientation and administrative practice under the distinction between administrative science and political philosophy,so as to further clarify the era scene,basic position and value list of the evolution of various administrative theoretical paradigms.And it will reveals the practical significance of efficiency and fairness,fact and value,science and ethics,norm and demonstration,reality and ought to be,rational interaction and rational paradox in the process of value orientation change.The paper also makes a concrete summary of the evolution roots and logical pedigree of western public administrative theory,only in this way can we understand the essence of the evolution of administrative theory.And in all kinds of theoretical exchanges and practical debates,we can deeply understand the path dependence and path change of the development of administrative theory,which contains the future development of public administrative theory.