两用技术治理框架下应对美国科技“脱钩”政策研究

本文认为,两用技术具有消极、积极以及伦理三种面向。在经历议题演变与数十年的治理实践后,两用技术治理面临三个主要问题:防扩散机制与技术创新需求的矛盾、国家安全需要与经济发展目标的统筹挑战、不同治理主体之间的诉求张力。审视技术的两用特性及其治理问题,有助于我们理解美国对华科技政策中的“出口管制”与“军民融合”等议题的逻辑与影响。面对中美战略竞争态势增强与两用技术治理挑战,我国可以从“战略布局”、“治理结构”与“机制建设”三个方面着手应对。

This paper suggests that dual-use technologies have negative,positive and ethics aspects.After decades of issues evolution and governance practices,dual-use technology governance faces three major problems:the conflict between the non-proliferation regime and the demand of technological innovation,the difficulties in balancing national security needs and economic development goals,and the appeal of tension between different governance entities.Examining the dual-use characteristics of technologies and its governance issues will help us,understand the logic and impact of issues such as“export control”and“military-civil fusion”in the U.S.S&T policy towards China.Faced with the growing Sino-U.S.strategic competition and the challenges of dual-use technology governance,China can deal with it from three aspects:strategic layout,governance structure and institution building.