基于行为视角的危机领导力模型建构与有效性检验

A Behavioral Approach Crisis Leadership Model Construction and Its Effectiveness

移动互联网时代,危机由例外变为常态,但危机管理异于常态管理。作为危机的掌舵者,危机领导者对危机管理的成败具决定性影响。不过,由于危机相关数据的敏感性,危机领导力研究以理论建构为主,实证研究匮乏。本文采用跨案例研究和文本分析相结合的方法,通过对2004~2018年间189起危机管理案例的分析,验证并修订了James和Wooten(2005)的危机领导力模型。研究发现,危机领导力五要素模型,即建立信任、识别弱点、迅速果敢、危机学习和危机变革均有利于危机管理的成功。此外,在危机偶发时代,危机领导者具备建立信任、识别弱点、迅速果敢的三要素,即可推动危机管理成功;但在危机常态化时代,危机学习与变革的作用凸显,以上五个要素均推动危机管理成功。本文为不确定环境下的危机领导者提供了“临危不乱”与“危中寻机”的整合性行动方案。

In the era of Mobile Internet,crisis events have become normal occurrences.However,crisis management is different from routine management.Studies indicate that great crisis leaders that can lead the right direction for the whole organization during crisis,which is crucial to the success of crisis management.Unfortunately,researches on crisis leadership are mainly based on theoretical construction owing to the sensitivity of data acquisition of crisis events,and thus empirical research is scarce.Our research uses multiple case study and content analysis of 189 crisis management cases from 2004 to 2018 to modify and verify the six-element crisis leadership model of James and Wooten(2005).The findings indicate that the five elements of our model,namely,trust building,weaknesses identifying,quick and courageous reaction,crisis learning and crisis reform,all contribute to the success of crisis management.In addition,in the context of occasional crisis era,trust building,weaknesses identifying and quick and courageous reaction can contribute the success of crisis management.However,in the context of crisis normalization era,the role of crisis learning and change is prominent,and the existence of five elements can promote the success of crisis management.This study provides the crisis leaders with an action framework integrating the“risk”and“opportunity”nature of a crisis.