《孙子兵法》最早传入朝鲜考论

New Research of The Art of War Introduced to Korea Earlier than to Japan

中外学界对于《孙子兵法》传入朝鲜和日本的时间一直存有争议。目前普遍信从的《孙子兵法》传入日本的最早时间,是美国格里菲思提出的“525年”之说,并且该说已成为中外学界的权威之论。现今发现,朝鲜正史《三国史记》中有三则史料可以推翻这一论说。其中,第一则史料属间接史料,可作“旁证”使用。第二则、第三则史料属直接史料,可起“实证”作用。第二则史料征引了《孙子·虚实篇》“致人而不致于人”。第三则史料征引了《孙子·军争篇》“穷寇勿迫”。第二则史料使其传入朝鲜的时间可追溯到“(实圣王)七年(408年)”。揆诸史实,早在中国东晋时期,朝鲜新罗初期,《孙子兵法》就已传入朝鲜,并被实践运用。这比格里菲思提出的传入日本最早时间早一个多世纪。《三国史记》中的三则史料合成了一个完好的“历史证据链”,其意义非凡,颠覆了以往的“《孙子兵法》最早传入日本”之说,最终确立了“《孙子兵法》最早传入朝鲜”的新观点。

It had always been a dispute about the time that The Art of War was introduced to Korea and Japan.It is widely believed that the book was first introduced to Japan in 525.This assertion was put forward by Samuel Griffith and has become an authoritative statement in this research field.However,a recent research showed that this assertion might be disproved by three pieces of historical material found in Samguk Sagi.The first material is an indirect proof.And the second and third materials are direct ones that quoted lines from The Art of War.With these proofs,the introduction of book into Korea could be traced back to 408,in the early period of Silla,and it had been employed in practice by then.This is nearly one century earlier than Griffith’s timing.These materials significantly completed a chain of historical proof,disproved the old assertion,and presented a new view that The Art of War was first introduced into Korea.