马克思社会所有制及其当代形式再探讨

Rediscussion on Marx’s Social Ownership and Its Contemporary Form

社会所有制作为马克思关于未来社会的所有制设想,仍具有十分重要的当代意义。从已有研究文献看,学界就社会所有制问题的研讨不但尚存诸多争议,而且关注的重点和争议始终局限于“重建个人所有制”、“公有制”以及“全民所有制”等概念。从当代意义角度,理解马克思社会所有制的关键是从生产力和人的发展两个辩证统一的维度来诠释其内涵及判定标准。社会所有制是对以往所有生产关系的彻底扬弃,与“生产资料的集中和劳动的社会化”相适应,劳动者个人充分占有所需生产资料,实现自由的联合劳动。因此,生产力和人的发展是社会所有制当代形式探讨的两个维度。基于社会所有制当代形式探讨,有助于推进和深化混合所有制改革,同时有利于正确认识社会主义新型合伙制。这对构建中国特色社会主义政治经济学亦具有强烈的理论意义和实践价值。

As Marx’s conception of ownership in the future society,social ownership still has very important contemporary significance.From the existing research literature,there are not only many disputes in the past academic research on social ownership,but also the focus and disputes are always limited to the concepts of“rebuilding individual ownership,”“public ownership”and“ownership by the whole people.”From the perspective of contemporary significance,the key to understand Marx’s social ownership is to interpret its connotation and judgment standard from two dialectical and unified dimensions of productivity development and human development.Social ownership is the complete sublation of all previous relations of production,and in accordance with“the concentration of means of production and the socialization of labor,”individual workers fully occupy the required means of production,and finally realize free joint labor.Therefore,productivity and human development are two dimensions to explore the contemporary form of social ownership.Based on the discussion of the contemporary forms of social ownership,it is more helpful to promote and deepen the reform of mixed ownership,and to correctly understand the new socialist partnership.