排污费征收标准调整对制造业企业减排影响研究

Impact of Pollution Levy Standard Adjustment on Manufacturing Firms’ Pollution Control

排污费是中国在环境污染治理领域最主要的市场激励型政策之一,研究排污费对企业减排的影响对于未来环境政策制定具有重要意义。本文基于中国工业企业环境统计数据库和中国工业企业数据库,使用2004~2013年数据研究排污费征收标准调整政策对企业减排的影响,探讨了政策的影响渠道、长短期分析和企业异质性对政策效应的影响。回归结果表明,排污费征收标准调整后企业二氧化硫排放量显著下降11%,企业减排主要来自企业产值下降。排污费征收标准调整对非高耗能行业、高排放企业、非国有企业和大型企业更为有效。其中大型企业由于其规模优势,在短期和长期均能达成内生的技术减排,高排放企业和非国有企业也在长期提升了其污染过程管理能力,可以作为支持"波特假说"成立的证据。

Pollution levy is the most important market incentive environmental policy in China.It is of great significance to study the impact of pollution levy on firm pollution control for future environmental policy-making.This paper merges 2004-2013 China Industrial Environmental Database with China Annual Survey Industrial Firm Database to study the impact of pollution levy standard adjustment on firm pollution control.Furthermore,this paper discusses the impact mechanism of policy effect,long-term and short-term analysis,and the impact of firm heterogeneity on policy effect.Regression results show that after the levy adjustment,SO2 emissions of firms in treatment group decreased significantly by 11%,which was mainly due to the decline of firm output.Furthermore,this policy reform is more effective for non-energy consuming industries,high emission firms,non-state-owned firms and large-scale firms.Large-scale firms can achieve endogenous technology emission reduction in the short term and long term due to their scale advantages.High emission firms and non-state-owned firms also improve their pollution process management in the long term,which verifies Porter Hypothesis.