文天祥殉节与宋亡历史观

Wen Tianxiang Died a Martyr and A Different Historical View of “the Demise of the Song” in the Yuan Period

本文以文天祥殉节事件为中心,针对南宋"不亡于厓山之崩,而亡于燕市之戮"的说法,讨论了元人有关"宋亡"的另一种历史观,即文天祥死国标志"宋亡"。通过钩稽文天祥勤王抗元直至其被杀期间不为人所习知的遗文轶事,揭示出宋亡元兴之际文天祥在反元复宋活动中所扮演的特殊角色与地位,当日人们对于文天祥中兴宋朝抱有切实的期待。而通过比较元代各类文献所记文天祥当年死国事件中的不同叙述重点,可以观察到诸种"文天祥传"的书写差异及其相互关系,其中邓光荐所撰《丞相传》对于文天祥死国事件的叙述最为重要,且影响最大。文天祥殉节意味宋已不可复,这种独特的"宋亡"历史观,在元时代的史学作品中有所呈现,相关史著正可从这个角度引以解析。

It is said that the Southern Song Dynasty"did not end in the collapse of Yashan,but in the slaughter of Yanshi."As for this,the paper focuses on the event of Wen Tianxiang’s death and discusses a different historical view of"the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty"in the Yuan period,that is,Wen Tianxiang’s death marks the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty.By investigating on some unnoticed relevant historical materials,this paper reveals the special role that Wen Tianxiang played in the anti-Yuan and the Southern Song resurgence’s activities at the time of the fall of Southern Song Dynasty and the rise of Yuan Dynasty.At that days,the Southern Song’s people held a real expectation for Wen Tianxiang’s resurgence of the Southern Song Dynasty.And,By comparing the different narrative emphases of Wen Tianxiang’s death in various documents of the Yuan Dynasty,we can observe the differences in the writing of various biographies of Wen Tianxiang and their interrelationships.Among these,The Biography of Wen Chengxiang by Deng Guangjian is the most important and has the greatest influence on the narration of Wen Tianxiang’s death.The death of Wen Tianxiang means that the Southern Song Dynasty could not be restored.This unique historical view of"The demise of the Southern Song Dynasty"has been presented in some historical works in the Yuan period.The relevant historical works can be analyzed from this perspective.