追摹“圣人之道”:《续文章正宗》中的理事关系与文道关系

Tracing the “Tao of the Confucianism”:The Truth-Fact and the Art-Tao Relationship in Xu Wenzhang Zhengzong (Continuation of the Genuine Prose)

真德秀《续文章正宗》立足于道学立场而面对古文传统,至少在两个层面上寻求理学与文章的契合点:其一,在思想内容上以"道"之"一"统领各类文章之"殊";其二,整合以"道"统领的知识体系与"文章"的外在形式。二者正好对应刘彝所说"圣人之道"中"体""用"与"文"的关系。前者反映出道学思想体系,后者则是对文道关系的处理。前一层面借由《大学》八条目的理论框架完成了道学文章契合点的寻求,而后一层面却未取得预期效果。其中反映出理学家在处理文道关系方面存在的困惑,促成了南宋道学选本的转型,不再尝试整合古文传统,只求在道学思想体系内部获得自洽。

Zhen Dexiu’s Xu Wenzhang Zhengzong(Continuation of the Genuine Prose)sets its foothold on the learning of Taoism to face the ancient prose tradition,seeking the congenial points between the Neo-Confucian Rationalistic School and prose on at least two levels:The first is to use the universality of the Tao to unify the particularity of various categories of prose in terms of thought and content;the second is to integrate the knowledge system led by the Tao and the external forms of prose.The two correspond to the relationship between the essence,utility,and art in the"Tao of the Confucianism"of Liu Yi(1017–1086).The former reflects the Taoist system of thought,while the latter deals with the Art-Tao relationship.While the former level accomplished the pursuit for the congenial points between the Taoism and prose by the theoretical framework of the eight entries of Daxue(The Great Learning),the latter level did not achieve its anticipated effects.This reflects the confusion of the scholars of the Neo-Confucian Rationalistic School in dealing with the Art-Tao relationship,which contributes to the transformation of the selected prose on the study of Taoism in the Southern Song dynasty(1127-1279).Instead of continuing the attempts to integrate the ancient prose tradition,they only aspired to gain self-consistency within the Taoist system of thought.