神圣性与物质性:民俗旅游开发与现代转型中的文化冲突

Sacredness and Materiality: Cultural Conflicts in the Development and Modern Transformation of Folklore Tourism

随着现代化进程的不断推进,人们的精神文化需要日益增长,民俗旅游成为越来越多人节假日出行的选择,越来越多的民俗文化得到开发和再开发。在此过程中,原生态民俗文化不可避免地与外来文化发生互动。然而,民俗文化包含风俗习惯、历史传统与形而上学的宇宙观,承载着当地居民的情感与认同,具有一定的神圣性;而旅游本身是一种商业与娱乐行为,属于物质性领域。本文将文化分域理论引入民俗旅游研究中,指出民俗旅游开发与改造过程中的基本矛盾就是神圣性与物质性的矛盾,具体体现在旅游业的全球化发展模式中和游客与民俗地社区自身的需求冲突中。在旅游开发的实践中,旅游开发者和文化管理者需要权衡神圣性与物质性的矛盾,提高自身的文化敏感性,在开发过程中保持民俗文化活力的同时减少相应的冲突,并对居民和游客进行合理的引导。

With the acceleration of modernization,people’s spiritual needs keep growing.More and more people choose to spend their free time via folklore tours to experience a different life.Meanwhile,more and more folk cultures have been developed and commercialized.In this process,inevitably,the original folk cultures are mixed with external cultures.This paper initially introduces the cultural domain theory of sacredness and materiality to folklore tourism.Folk cultures,including local customs,traditions,history,and worldviews,bear the identity and emotional attachment of local community,making up the sacred domain of local culture.People tend to protect the purity and intergrity of their sacred cultures.Whereas,tourism,in essence,is an entertaining and commercial activity,which belongs to material domain.Elements in the material domain of culture is malleable and fungible.By discussing the sacredness and materiality of folklore tourism,this paper elaborated the paradoxes and conflicts in the development of folklore tourism,and proposed suggestions to help policy makers and tourism industry in future practices of the folklore development.