作为静照(contemplation)的“审美”

“Aesthetics” as Contemplation

静照(contemplation)这一行为,在思想史的长河中与"审美"行为有深刻的关联,曾被认为是"审美"的代名词。"静照"曾经指称一种生活方式,也指沉思与静观相结合的认识行为。这个概念还具有至善生活意义上的伦理学意味,以及在直觉式的凝视中领悟圣意这一宗教意味。在这些意味的共同作用下,"静照"自文艺复兴以来被逐步审美化了,而审美的静照化使得18世纪时人们认为对对象的审美就是对对象的静照,并且从静照的角度建构审美行为的特征。但审美与静照的差异,以及现代人在审美实践上的发展,特别是审美的体验化,使得静照逐渐与审美分离开。但作为静照的审美并没有终结,它一方面内化到了当代人的审美之中,另一方面也成为了"一种"审美。

In the long history of ideology,the act of contemplation has a profound relationship with aesthetic act,and it was once regarded as a synonym for aesthetics.In addition to its epistemological significance,contemplation also has ethical and religious significance.Under the combined effect,contemplation was gradually aestheticized.As a result,in the 18th century,it believed that the aesthetic of an object is the contemplation of it.However,the differences between aesthetics and contemplation,and the modern development of aesthetic practice,have gradually set contemplation away from aesthetics.But the aesthetics as contemplation is not yet ended;it partly has internalized into the contemporary aesthetics,and partly became"a type"of aesthetics.