性别平等对营商环境的影响研究——基于跨国数据的实证分析

Research on the Impact of Gender Parity on Business Environment:Empirical Analysis Based on Cross-Country Data

本文主要基于2015~2020年世界银行《全球营商环境报告》和世界经济论坛《全球性别差距报告》中的跨国数据,研究(分领域)性别平等对营商环境(及其构成环节)的影响。研究发现,前者对后者具有显著正向影响,且在营商环境越好的国家,促进作用越强。中国努力营造国际一流营商环境,使其不断优化、持续向好。同时,中国始终坚持男女平等理念,在医疗健康、教育入学、就业创业、政治参与等方面全力推进性别平等,取得了有目共睹的成效,为营商环境的优化作出了贡献。同时我们也看到,由于社会经济受商业利益驱使和陈规陋习等因素影响,各领域性别平等仍有待进一步完善。依据本文实证研究结果,我们认为,应全方位、多渠道保障女性合法权益,消除社会性别偏见;加大在跨境贸易、保护投资者权益、合同执行、获得贷款等方面对女性的支持力度;同时提升教育、经济、健康、政治等领域的性别平等程度;进一步推动有效市场和有为政府更好结合,持续优化营商环境。

Based on the cross-country data in 2015-2020"Global Doing Business"released by the World Bank and"Global Gender Gap Report"released by the World Economic Forum,this paper studies the impact of(sub-area)gender parity on business environment(and its components).The research finds that the improvement of gender parity has a significant positive impact on business environment,gender parity plays a more important role in promoting business environment in countries with better business environment.China strives to create the international first-class business environment,so as to continuously optimize and improve it.At the same time,China has always adhered to the basic national policy of gender parity,and vigorously promoted gender parity in the medical and health care,education and enrollment,employment and entrepreneurship,and political participation,which has achieved obvious effects,then contributed to the optimization of business environment.At the same time,the gender parity in various fields still needs to be further improved as the society and economy being influenced by factors of commercial interests-driven and outmoded conventions&bad customs.The policy implications of this study are:to protect women’s legitimate rights and interests in an all-round and multi-channel way,eliminate social gender bias;to increase support for women in trading cross-borders,protecting investors’rights and interests,enforcing contracts and getting credit;to enhance gender parity in education,economy,health,politics and other fields;to further promote the better combination of efficient market and effective government,continuously optimize the business environment.