《文选》的“哀伤”——试论《文选》“哀伤”类目形成的思想文化史背景

On “Ai Shang”: The Formation of “Ai Shang” Category of Rhymed Prose and Poetry in Wen Xuan

本文主要分析《文选》"哀伤"类目形成的原因,说明以"哀伤"这样一种对情感的描述,来定义一些诗文,主要是汉末以来思想文化发生极其重大变化的结果。首先是传统儒家强调的"哀而不伤",经过魏晋玄学的冲击,变成了"哀"可以"伤";其次是佛教传入,不仅使得"哀伤"作为双音节词开始频繁出现在佛经翻译中,更重要的是梵文佛经中的"哀伤"(paridevesi)本义为"哀悼",所以萧统专门在《文选》中设置"哀伤"类且选入大量"慕悼之言"的诗赋,而且佛教还带来了众生皆苦而佛哀伤之的观念。南朝梁时,正是佛教势力大盛而玄学也并未消退的阶段,《文选》的编纂,也受到这种思想文化转变的影响,因此在他分类编选诗赋时,前所未有地设计了一个"哀伤"类目。

This paper made an analysis of the formation of the"Ai Shang"category in Wen Xuan,explained that the emergence of the"Ai Shang"category revealed some significant changes in culture and thoughts since the end of the Han Dynasty.The first cause was the Wei-Jin metaphysics.Being influenced by metaphysics,the expression of emotion changed from"mournful but not distressing"to"mournful and allowed to be distressing."The second cause was Buddhism.The disyllable word"Ai Shang"began to be used in translated Buddhist texts.Moreover,the Pali word for"Ai Shang"is"paridevesi,"which means to wail and lament.That’s why Xiao Tong set the"Ai Shang"category and selected many lamentable fu and poems into it.And Buddhism brought the idea that all beings were suffering while Buddha pitied(also translated as‘Ai Shang’in Buddhist texts)everyone.In the Liang Dynasty,it was a time that Buddhism was widely spread and metaphysics was not yet to fade.The compilation of Wen Xuan was influenced by the transformation of thoughts and culture.That’s how the"Ai Shang"category was introduced into Wen Xuan.