既有建筑可持续改造设计策略与节能技术研究——以罗斯托克能源高中项目为例

Design Strategies and Energy-saving Technologies for Sustainable Retrofitting of Existing Buildings: Taking the Rostock Energy High School Project as an Example

以德国北部地区能源学校项目为例,探索在寒冷地区气候环境下建设近零能耗且具有良好室内环境品质与功能排布的智能化教育建筑的可持续改造设计策略和技术方法。对学校主楼的建筑形式、材料结构做法、暖通空调策略、能源采集设计和智能化管控系统的技术体系展开研究,结合对建筑运营期间环境质量与能耗表现的第三方监测数据,分析并验证在寒冷地区通过对即有建筑改造,实现一次能源平衡的可行性。从技术发展衍进的视角出发,通过总结德国最新的节能技术尝试,为我国寒冷地区既有建筑的可持续改造设计提供了有力的参考策略及技术支持。

As the country with the most energy consumption in the world today,China’s total energy consumption in the construction sector is continuously increasing year by year.In its northern region,due to the cold winter climate and long heating cycle,energy consumption is huge.In the whole year of 2019,the winter heating energy consumption in northern China accounted for about 20.12%of the total building energy consumption in the country,and the problem of energy saving is very prominent.The reason is that there are a large number of small and medium-sized public buildings built in the early 21 st century in this area.Although the overall functional structure of the building is relatively intact,the thermal insulation capacity of the building structure generally cannot meet the current energy-saving design standards.Therefore,it is very necessary to promote the design concept of sustainable reconstruction of buildings in cold regions of China.This paper studies the energy school project in northern Germany as a practical case to study how to construct low-energy-consumption educational buildings with good indoor environmental quality and functional arrangement in cold climate areas.And by studying the design process of the building,summarize the specific sustainable renovation design strategies and technical methods.Through the research on the design method of the main building’s architectural form,the selection of building materials,the construction method of the building structure,the design method of air conditioning and heating,the design of the use of renewable energy and the intelligent control system used in the building in the project,summarize and analyze The sustainable energy-saving design technology system used in the building as a whole.In order to conduct a more in-depth study on whether it can ensure the comfort standard of the building’s indoor environment while reducing building energy consumption,the research conducted an evaluation and analysis of the building’s indoor light environment and thermal environment by establishing a digital analysis model.Combined with the data report on the environmental quality and energy consumption of the target building during the operation period provided by a professional German third-party monitoring agency,we can find that the total energy consumption of the building before the renovation is 420.3 kW·h/m2,and the building after the renovation The total energy consumption was 99.4 kW·h/m2,a decrease of 76.3%overall.Therefore,it can be proved that the design strategy and technical approach of the target building can successfully reduce the energy consumption of existing buildings in cold areas,and finally complete the specific goal of sustainable building renovation.The project studied in this article is a typical case of retrofitting of existing buildings in Germany.While adopting a variety of emerging technologies,its sustainable renovation strategy is fully integrated with the consideration of technology market supply costs,and there is no excessive pursuit of ultra-low energy consumption.Numbers are more conducive to being accepted by developers at the social level.The research content of this article mainly focuses on the update and innovation of building technology.By summarizing the cutting-edge design strategies and technical practices adopted in the design of sustainable reconstruction buildings in Germany,it is proposed from architecture to carry out sustainable reconstruction of existing buildings in cold regions of China.The specific strategies and technical methods of the design.