坝上地区农村中小学教学楼新型节能窗适寒设计研究

Suitable Design of New Energy-Saving Windows for the Teaching Buildings of Rural Middle and Primary Schools in Bashang Area

外窗是建筑热工设计的薄弱环节,也是影响室内光环境质量的重要指标,如何平衡能耗与采光是设计的重点。坝上地区纬度高、海拔高,是典型的高寒地区,该区域建筑的供暖周期长、能耗大,建筑热工设计挑战难点多。以坝上农村中小教学楼为研究对象,结合其供暖季节教室的使用规律,提出一种新型的窗户适寒改造设计,并通过数值计算、软件模拟和对比分析等方法,论证适寒设计的科学性。结果表明,该适寒设计投入造价低,改造使用后室内温度能有效地提高1~2℃,改善了冬季建筑室内热舒适。

Exterior window is a weak link in thermal design of buildings and an important index that affects the quality of indoor light environment.How to balance energy consumption and lighting is the key point of design.Bashang area is a typical alpine area with high latitude and altitude.It has long heating cycle,large energy consumption and many challenges and difficulties in building thermal design.In this paper,small and medium-sized teaching buildings in rural areas of Bashang are taken as the research object,and a new type of retrofitting design of windows suitable for the cold environment is proposed based on the use law of classrooms in heating season.Through numerical calculation,software simulation and comparative analysis,the scientific nature of the design suitable for the cold environment is demonstrated.The results show that the suitable design has a low cost,and the indoor temperature can be effectively increased by 1~2℃after retrofitting,which improves the indoor thermal comfort of the building in winter.