寒地校园教学区围合式建筑对微气候的影响

Influence of Enclosed Buildings on the Microclimate on Campus in the Cold Area

运用建筑类型学归类分组的方法,以界面围合参数为依据,以我国严寒地区已建高校为范本进行参照,提出了严寒地区高校教学区内围合式建筑的四类基本原型;借助我国严寒地区某高校教学区建立ENVI-met模型,并运用均方根误差与平均绝对百分比误差验证此教学区现场实测数值与计算模拟数值的吻合度;证明其模拟结果可靠后,以人体舒适度指标为评价依据,探究了四类基本原型对周边微气候的影响,结果表明在相同条件下,达到人体舒适度指数-1级别以上的时间都超过了80%,其中原型三的0级达标率最高,可达到42%,而原型一、原型四的0级达标率仅为16%左右,综合而言原型三对周边行人舒适度影响最小。

Referencing to the established colleges in the cold regions and using method of grouping of architectural typology,this paper presents four basic archetypes of enclosed buildings in the teaching area of colleges in severe cold regions on the basis of interface confining parameters.In a teaching area of a certain university in the cold region,the ENVI-met model is established,and the alignment between the insite measured values of the teaching area and the calculated values is verified by using the Root Mean Square Error and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error.On the basis of proving the reliability of its simulation results,the effects of four basic prototypes are explored on the surrounding microclimate,based on human comfort index as the basis for evaluation.The results show that,under the same conditions,four types of archetypes achieves more than 80%of-1 level in simulated time.Among them,the grade 0 of prototype three achieves the highest rate,reaching 42%,while the 0 rate of prototype one and four is only about 16%.It shows that prototype three has minimal impact on pedestrian comfort.