乳母饮食回避对母乳营养成分及婴儿生长发育的影响

Effects of dietary avoidance by lactating mothers on breast milk nutrients composition and infant growth and development

母乳是婴儿生后早期最佳的食物和液体来源。目前国内外研究表明,虽然母乳具有一定稳定性,但母亲回避食物时仍可能对母乳营养素含量产生影响,脂类和蛋白质受到摄入食物的影响更大,碳水化合物受饮食影响较小,有关维生素、矿物质与母亲摄入量之间的关系有待进一步研究明确。而乳母饮食回避是否影响纯母乳喂养婴儿的体格生长仍有待阐明。临床工作及研究均发现不少疑诊或确诊食物过敏的母乳喂养儿童,母亲选择不同程度的饮食回避。对于该类婴儿的母亲,如何科学饮食回避,需要进一步研究其回避的食物种类、时间,以及对婴儿生长发育和过敏转归的影响。

Breast milk is the optimal source of food and fluid for infants in the early postnatal period.Current studies both domestically and internationally demonstrate that while breast milk possesses a certain degree of stability,maternal dietary restrictions can still influence its nutrient content.Fats and proteins are more affected by consumed foods,whereas carbohydrates are less influenced by diet.The relationship of vitamins and minerals with maternal intake requires further research for clarification.Whether maternal dietary avoidance affects the growth and development of exclusively breastfed infants remains to be elucidated.Clinicians and researchers have observed a considerable number of breastfed infants presenting with suspected or confirmed food allergies,leading their mothers to engage in varied levels of dietary restriction.For the mothers of these infants,the implementation of a scientifically informed approach to dietary avoidance necessitates additional research.This includes the identification of specific food items to be avoided,the temporal extent of such avoidance,and its impact for the infants′growth and development,as well as the prognosis of their allergic conditions.