北京市儿童青少年自然人群队列基线特征分析

Baseline characteristics analysis of the Beijing Children and Adolescents Natural Population Cohort

目的建立北京儿童青少年健康队列,报告研究方法与人群基线的主要特征,为深入研究儿童青少年肥胖、近视及相关慢性病的影响因素及干预策略提供参考依据。方法2022—2023年,在北京市某区选取10所有代表性的中小学校,建立北京儿童青少年健康队列。基线调查包括问卷调查和健康体检两部分。问卷内容主要包括个人及家族疾病史、膳食、运动、睡眠等行为生活方式与习惯。健康体检包括体格测量、内外科检查、体成分测量、骨密度测量、骨龄评估、腹部超声检查、视光学评估,并采集静脉血标本进行血生化和血常规检测。结果共纳入5579名6~18岁儿童青少年,平均年龄为10.6岁,其中6~11岁组和12~14岁组占比较高;自我报告尝试吸烟率为0.8%,尝试饮酒率为4.9%,每天暴露于二手烟的比例为7.8%。该人群中视力不良检出率为57.6%;消瘦率为6.5%、超重率为16.0%,肥胖率为25.2%,其中腹型肥胖检出率为35.9%。血脂异常检出率为23.7%,血压升高检出率为16.8%,空腹血糖受损检出率为4.0%,脂肪肝检出率为11.3%。结论北京儿童青少年健康队列基线数据表明,近视、肥胖及相关慢性代谢性疾病的检出率较高,应引起高度重视,需积极推动综合干预策略的研究与干预效果的评估。

Objective To establish the Beijing Children and Adolescents Health Cohort and report on its research protocol and baseline population characteristics,in order to provide reference for in-depth studies on factors influencing obesity,myopia,and other chronic diseases in children and adolescents.Methods From 2022to 2023,the Beijing Children and Adolescents Health Cohort was launched in a district of Beijing,including 10representative primary and secondary schools.The baseline survey consisted of two parts:A questionnaire and a health examination.The questionnaire covered personal and family medical history,diet,exercise,sleep,and other behavioral and lifestyle habits.The health examination involved physical measurements,internal and external medical examinations,body composition analysis,bone mineral density and bone age assessment,abdominal ultrasound,optometric tests,and venous blood sample collection for biochemical and routine blood tests.Results The cohort included 5579children and adolescents aged 6to 18years,with an average age of 10.6years.A higher proportion of participants were in the 6-11and 12-14age groups.Self-reported smoking and drinking initiation rates were 0.8%and 4.9%,respectively,with a daily secondhand smoke exposure rate of 7.8%.The rate of poor vision was 57.6%.The prevalence for underweight,overweight,and obesity were 6.5%,16.0%,and 25.2%,respectively,with a prevalence rate of abdominal obesity of 35.9%.The prevalence rates of dyslipidemia,elevated blood pressure,impaired fasting glucose,and fatty liver were 23.7%,16.8%,4.0%,and 11.3%,respectively.Conclusions The baseline data of the Beijing Children and Adolescents Health Cohort indicate a high detection rate of myopia,obesity,and related chronic metabolic diseases,which should be given serious attention.Comprehensive intervention strategies and evaluations of intervention effects need to be actively promoted.