睡眠呼吸障碍儿童的心理健康状况与定量脑电图频谱功率的关联

Association between mental health condition and quantitative electroencephalography spectral power in children with sleep disordered breathing

目的本研究旨在分析睡眠呼吸障碍(SDB)儿童心理健康状况与定量脑电图(qEEG)频谱特征之间的联系,以便及时发现并诊治SDB的情绪并发症,从而保障SDB儿童神经心理的健康发育。方法2020年12月-2022年10月期间于上海儿童医学中心对存在SDB症状的儿童进行整夜多导睡眠监测(PSG),同时收集其睡眠qEEG数据。受试者父母填写儿童抑郁量表(CDI),Spence儿童焦虑量表家长版(SCAS-P)[或学龄前焦虑量表(PAS)],以及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停问卷疾病特异性生活质量调查表(OSA-18)。采用独立样本t检验、Wilcoxon秩和检验和χ^(2)检验和Fisher精确检验比较SDB儿童各个组别之间的变量,并构建SDB儿童心理健康的多重线性回归模型。结果本研究共纳入105例3~12岁SDB患儿。学龄期SDB患儿的CDI评分[6.50(3.00,9.00)]高于学龄前期组[3.00(1.00,6.00)],差异有统计学意义(Z=701.00,P=0.010)。相对δ和θ功率与学龄前SDB儿童的社交恐惧症状(β=-1.06,-0.62,P<0.05)和学龄儿童的人际关系问题(β=-3.62,-2.36,P<0.05)得分均呈负相关。结论PSG是诊断SDB的必要检查手段,PSG中的qEEG特征与SDB患儿情绪状况相关,为日后在临床实践中对于SDB患儿心理健康问题的早期发现提供了便捷准确的方法。

Objective To explore the associations between mental health condition and quantitative electroencephalography(qEEG)in children with sleep disordered breathing(SDB),so as to timely detect and treat the emotional complications of SDB and to ensure the healthy neuropsychological development of children with SDB.Methods From December 2020 to October 2022,an overnight polysomnography(PSG)was conducted at Shanghai Children′s Medical Center in children with SDB symptoms,meanwhile their qEEG data were collected.The parents of the subjects completed the Children′s Depression Inventory(CDI),the Spence Children′s Anxiety Scale-Parental Version(SCAS-P)or the Preschool Anxiety Scale(PAS),along with the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Questionnaire-18(OSA-18).Two independent-sample t-test,Wilcoxon rank-sum test andχ^(2)test and Fisher exact test were employed to compare variables between different groups of SDB children.Finally,multiple linear regression model concerning SDB children′s mental health were built.Results A total of 105 cases of 3-to 12-year-old SDB patients were included in this study.The CDI score of school-age SDB children[6.50(3.00,9.00)]were higher than those of preschoolers[3.00(1.00,6.00)],with a statistically significant difference(Z=701.00,P=0.010).Relativeδandθpower were negatively correlated with social phobia symptoms in preschool SDB children(β=-1.06,-0.62,P<0.05)and with interpersonal problems in school-age children(β=-3.62,-2.36,P<0.05).Conclusions PSG is the essential test for the diagnosis of SDB,from which qEEG can be obtained.qEEG features are linked to the mental state of children with SDB,which promotes the early detection of mental health issues in children with SDB through easily accessible and accurate methods in clinical practice.