益生菌、益生元、合生元和后生元预防与治疗牛奶蛋白过敏的研究进展

Research progress on the prevention and treatment of cow′s milk protein allergy with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics

牛奶蛋白过敏(CMPA)是儿童期最常见的食物过敏之一,其症状无特异性,常可累及多器官系统,危害儿童的健康。CMPA的发生机制之一是肠道黏膜无法对牛奶蛋白抗原建立正常的免疫耐受,这可能与肠道微生态失衡密切相关。益生菌、益生元、合生元和后生元在影响肠道菌群和免疫系统方面的作用,使其成为预防及治疗CMPA的潜在新策略。本文简要介绍了CMPA儿童的肠道微生物群特点,综述了益生菌、益生元、合生元和后生元用于预防和治疗CMPA的研究进展,以期为临床和科研工作人员提供参考,为制订CMPA的预防和治疗策略提供依据。

Cow′s milk protein allergy(CMPA)is one of the most common food allergies in childhood,with non-specific symptoms that can affect multiple organ systems,posing a threat to children′s health.One of the mechanisms of CMPA is the inability of the intestinal mucosa to establish normal immune tolerance to milk protein antigens,which may be closely related to intestinal dysbiosis.Probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics and postbiotics play a role in influencing the intestinal microbiota and immune system,making them potential new strategies for prevention and treatment of CMPA.This article briefly introduces the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota of children with CMPA,reviews the research progress of probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics in prevention and treatment of CMPA,and aims to provide evidence for making strategies in preventing and treating CMPA.