不同类型膳食纤维与6岁以上儿童营养状况的相关性

Correlation between different types of dietary fiber and nutritional status of in children

目的分析不同膳食纤维来源与儿童营养状况的相关性,为儿童营养性疾病的预防提供依据。方法选取2019—2023年因营养失衡至浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院儿童保健科营养门诊进行营养咨询的372名6~18岁儿童根据以往测量的身高和体重数值计算儿童的体质量指数(BMI),得到BMI的Z值,并将其分为低体重、正常体重和超重三组。再根据以往3天饮食日记获取膳食摄入量,并使用膳食软件自动来确定摄入的膳食纤维类型。对三组儿童的膳食纤维摄入量进行单因素方差分析和Logistic回归分析。结果正常体重组、超重组和低体重组中,总膳食纤维、谷物纤维、大豆纤维和其他类型纤维摄入量差异有统计学意义(F=4.55、10.67、3.53、6.68,P<0.05)。两两比较结果显示,与正常体重儿童相比,超重组儿童的总膳食纤维、谷物纤维和其他类型纤维的摄入量较多(P<0.05),低体重组儿童的各膳食纤维摄入与正常体重儿童比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic分析发现,谷物纤维(OR=2.04)和其他类型纤维(OR=1.96)摄入较多的儿童超重可能性更大(P<0.05),豆类纤维摄入较多的儿童超重的可能性更小(OR=0.25,P<0.05)。结论不同种类的纤维对儿童营养状况有不同的影响。建议超重儿童减少谷物纤维和其他类型纤维的摄入量,适当增加豆类纤维的摄入量,可能有助于控制超重的发生。

Objective To describe the relationship between different dietary fiber sources and nutritional status of children,in order to provide evidence for the prevention of childhood nutritional disease.Methods The body mass index(BMI)of 372 children aged 6 to 18 years who went to the nutrition clinic of the Children′s Health Department of the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine for nutrition consultation due to nutritional imbalance from 2019 to 2023 was calculated,and the Z-value of BMI was obtained.Then children were divided into three groups:Low weight group,normal weight group and overweight group.Dietary intakes were also obtained based on previous use of a 3-day food diary,and dietary software was used to automatically determine the type of dietary fiber consumed.Children′s dietary fiber intake and the three groups of children were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Logistic regression analysis.Results In the normal weight group,the overweight group and the low weight group,total dietary fiber,grain fiber,legumes fiber and other types of fibers were statistically significant among all groups(F=4.55,10.67,3.53,6.68,P<0.05).Pairwise comparison showed that compared with normal weight children,the intake of total dietary fiber,grain fiber and other types of fiber was significantly higher in overweight children(P<0.05),and there was no statistical difference in the intake of dietary fiber in children between low weight group and normal weight children(P>0.05).Logistic analysis found that children with a higher intake of grain fiber and other types of fiber were more likely to be overweight compared to normal children(OR=2.04,1.96,P<0.05),and children with a higher intake of soy fiber were less likely to be overweight(OR=0.25,P<0.05).Conclusions Different kinds of fiber have different effects on the nutritional status of children.It is recommended that overweight children reduce their intake of grain fiber and other types of fiber,and appropriately increase their intake of legumes fiber,which may help control the occurrence of overweight.