青少年抑郁症的评估与管理

Assessment and management of depression in adolescents

青少年抑郁症是一种严重的公共卫生问题,影响全国数百万青少年的心理健康。本文概述了青少年抑郁症的现状、诊断所面临的挑战,介绍了评估过程(包括病史采集、躯体检查、采用量表及诊断工具进行评估),同时对共患病及自杀风险进行评估,治疗应根据个体的个体特征及需求,选择相应的治疗方法,包括心理治疗、药物治疗及必要时的住院治疗。心理治疗方法包括认知行为疗法和人际关系疗法,而药物治疗则需谨慎选择合适的抗抑郁药,并密切监测可能的副作用。

Adolescent depression is a serious public health issue that affects the mental health of millions of adolescents nationwide.This article outlines the current situation of adolescent depression,the challenges in diagnosis,and then introduces the assessment process,including collecting medical history,physical examination,using scales and diagnostic tools for assessment,as well as assessing comorbidities and suicide risk.Treatment should be based on individual′s characteristics and needs,selecting appropriate treatment methods,including psychotherapy,medication,and hospitalization when necessary,inpatient treatment.Psychotherapeutic methods include cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy,while medication treatment requires careful selection of appropriate antidepressants and close monitoring of possible side effects.