注意缺陷多动障碍儿童执行功能性别差异及机制研究进展

Progress in gender differences and mechanisms of executive function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)在发病率、症状及预后方面均有显著的性别差异,ADHD儿童认知障碍的主要特征之一是执行功能(EF)损害。本文通过对近年来ADHD儿童EF的性别差异及机制的相关研究进行梳理,发现ADHD儿童的EF存在显著性别差异,主要体现在抑制控制、认知灵活性、热EF上,但研究结果不尽相同;对EF性别差异的机制知之甚少,主要局限在脑功能区的差异方面,如初级运动皮层、内侧眶额皮层、基底节、杏仁核(正/负功能连接),及额-小脑回路等,少有更深层次的研究。

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)have significant gender differences in incidence rate,symptoms and prognosis.One of the main characteristics of ADHD children′s cognitive impairment is executive function(EF)impairment.This article reviews the research on gender differences and mechanisms of ADHD children′s EF in recent years,and finds that there are significant gender differences in ADHD children′s EF,mainly reflected in inhibitory control,cognitive flexibility,hot EF.But the research results are different.Little is known about the mechanism of gender differences in EF,which is mainly limited to the differences in brain functional areas,such as the primary motor cortex,medial orbitofrontal cortex,basal ganglia,amygdala(positive/negative functional connection),and frontal cerebellar circuit,and there is little in-depth research.