儿童学习障碍的早期筛查、诊断与干预

Early screening,diagnosis and intervention of learning disabilities in children

学习障碍是一种发育性神经障碍,根据DSM-5及ICD-11将学习障碍分为阅读障碍、书写障碍和计算障碍。学习障碍对儿童的学业产生重大影响,但是学习障碍往往是儿童在学校表现出学业不佳时才被识别。在学龄前对学习障碍进行筛查及早期干预十分必要。本文重点讲述了学习障碍的早期筛查、学习障碍的诊断、学习障碍共患病和鉴别诊断,并从教育、认知行为和药物三个方面对学习障碍儿童的干预进行了总结。

Learning disabilities are neurodevelopmental disorders,which are classified as dyslexia,dysgraphia and dyscalculia according to the DSM-5and ICD-11.Learning disabilities have a significant impact on children′s schooling,but they will not be identified until children show poor academic performance at school.Therefore,screening for learning disabilities at preschool age and early intervention is essential.This article focuses on early screening,diagnosis and comorbidity of children with learning disabilities,and summarizes the treatment of learning disabilities in children from three aspects:education,cognitive behavior and medical interventions.