母亲生育年龄及喂养行为与高危儿早期运动发育的相关分析

Association of pregnancy age and maternal feeding behavior with motor development among high-risk infants

目的探讨母亲生育年龄、喂养行为与高危儿早期运动发育的关系,促进其在高危儿早期干预中的作用。方法对2020年3月—2021年2月出生的227例高危儿健康状况、喂养方式及辅食添加状况等资料进行调查。在6月龄时进行ASQ-3测评,采用Logistic回归分析喂养行为对高危儿早期发育的影响。结果高危儿的纯母乳喂养率44.1%,4~6个月辅食添加率74.9%。ASQ-3粗大动作能区发育异常检出率25.1%。不同辅食添加状况、孕期胎儿异常情况及围生期窒息抢救史对高危儿男童粗大动作发育的影响差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为5.77、4.45、5.70,P<0.05)。4~6个月未添加辅食(OR=3.90,95%CI:1.27~12.03,P=0.018)、母亲生育年龄<16岁或>35岁(OR=14.72,95%CI:1.71~127.00,P=0.014)是高危儿男童早期粗大动作发育异常的危险因素。结论高危儿男童出生后4~6月未添加辅食、母亲生育年龄过小或过大均将增加其子代粗大动作发育问题的风险。应进一步加强育龄妇女的宣教与高危儿辅食添加方式的研究,促进早期干预效果。

Objective To assess the association between maternal pregnancy age and feeding behavior with motor development among high-risk infants,in order to promote its application in the early intervention of high-risk infants.Methods A total of 227high-risk infants who were born from March 2020to February 2021were investigated to get the information of health condition related risk factors,feeding patterns and complementary food addition condition were investigated and analyzed with Logistic regression analysis method.Results The rate of exclusive breastfeeding was 44.1%in high-risk infants within six months,and 74.9%began supplementary feeding when the high-risk infants were 4 to 6months old.The detection rate of abnormalities in gross motor was 25.1%.There was significant difference in the effect of supplementary feeding patterns,fetal abnormalities during pregnancy and rescue history of perinatal asphyxia on gross motor development in male high-risk infants(χ^(2)=5.77,4.45,5.70,P<0.05).Not adding supplements during 4to 6 months old(OR=3.90,95%CI:1.27-12.03,P=0.018)and maternal pregnancy age<16years old or>35years old(OR=14.72,95%CI:1.71-127.00,P=0.014)were risk factors for abnormalities in the early development of gross motor of male high-risk infants.Conclusions High-risk boys who are not given complementary foods 4to 6months after birth and whose maternal pregnancy age was<16years old or>35years old will be at an increased risk for gross motor developmental problems.Education of women at childbearing age is supposed to be strengthened,and further studies on adding complementary foods are warranted,thereby promoting early intervention effect.