早产儿神经发育评估的进展

Progress in neurodevelopmental assessment of premature infants

随着医学的发展,为了改善早产儿(尤其超早产儿)的神经发育不良结局,较多的检测手段如脑结构、代谢、功能等检测及神经行为评估量表等应用,以期早期发现早产儿相关的神经发育障碍。近些年,头颅超声、头颅MRI在临床上的应用得到共识,振幅整合脑电图、脑干听觉诱发电位、全身运动评估及Alberta婴儿运动量表、NBNA评分等在临床上得到较多应用,静息态功能磁共振、Dubowitz神经学评估法及Hammersmith神经评估方法逐渐进入早产儿领域。本文对相关的检测手段及相关评估方法的特点、以及在临床联合应用方面进行了探讨。

With the development of medical science,more methods are used for the early detection of neurodevelopmental impairment in premature infants in order to improve their neurodevelopmental outcomes,such as the examination in brain structure,metabolism,neurological function and the application of neurobehavioral assessment scales.In recent years,cranial ultrasound and cranial MRI are widely used in clinic,amplitude-integrated EEG,brainstem auditory evoked potentials,whole-body motor assessment and the Alberta Infant Movement Scale and Neonatal Behavioral Neurological Assessment(NBNA)score have been used more often in clinical practice,resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging,Dubowitz Neurological Assessment Method and Hammersmith Neurological Assessment Method have been gradually used in premature infants.In this paper,the characteristics and clinical application of these assessment methods are discussed.