浙江省儿童青少年超重肥胖影响因素分析

Influencing factors of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Zhejiang province

目的了解浙江省儿童青少年超重肥胖现状及影响因素,为制定超重肥胖综合防治措施提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,于2021年10月对浙江省6个地级市城乡4577名中小学生进行体格检查和问卷调查。结果浙江省儿童青少年超重检出率为14.2%,肥胖检出率为8.3%。男生的超重和肥胖检出率均高于女生(χ^(2)=58.31、20.09,P<0.01)。城市学生的超重和肥胖检出率均略高于乡村学生,但差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.135、0.713,P>0.05)。初中生的超重和肥胖检出率均略低于小学生,不同学段的超重检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.21、1.99,P<0.05),但肥胖检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,浙江省儿童青少年超重肥胖的危险因素[OR值(95%CI)]为男童[2.001(1.728~2.317)]、小学[1.741(1.314~2.308)]、家庭月收入≥15000元[3.617(2.498~5.237)]、身体活动频率≤4 d/周[5.462(4.193~7.115)]、食用油炸食品≥1次/d[23.453(16.790~32.761)]。结论浙江省儿童青少年超重肥胖形势严峻,应构建社会、学校、家庭的协同治理机制进行综合防治。

Objective To investigate the current quo and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Zhejiang province,so as to provide basis for making strategies for comprehensive prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity.Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling method,a total of 4577 primary and junior high school students of 6 cities in Zhejiang province were enrolled in this study to take physical examination and fill out the questionnaire in October 2021.Results The detection rates of overweight and obesity of children and adolescents in Zhejiang province were 14.2%and 8.3%,respectively.The detection rates of overweight and obesity in boys were higher than those in girls(χ^(2)=58.31,20.09,P<0.01).The detection rates of overweight and obesity in urban students were slightly higher than those in rural students,but the difference was not significant(χ^(2)=0.135,0.713,P>0.05).The detection rates of overweight and obesity in junior middle school students were slightly lower than those in primary school students,and there were statistically significant differences in overweight rate in different stages(χ^(2)=6.21,1.99,P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in obesity rate(P>0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that in terms of demography,the risk factors of overweight and obesity of children and adolescents in Zhejiang province were boys(OR=2.001,95%CI:1.728-2.317),primary school students(OR=1.741,95%CI:1.314-2.308),family monthly income≥15000 yuan(OR=3.617,95%CI:2.498-5.237),taking physical activity≤4 days/weeks(OR=5.462,95%CI:4.193-7.115),taking fried food more than once a day(OR=23.453,95%CI:16.790-32.761)(P<0.01).Conclusions The situation of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Zhejiang Province is serious.It is suggested that a cooperative governance mechanism should be carried out with the joint efforts of society,school and family for comprehensive prevention and control.