甘肃省临夏州农村10~12岁学龄儿童营养与体格发育状况调查

Nutrition and physical development status of school-age children aged 10 to 12 years in rural Linxia Prefecture, Gansu

目的了解甘肃省临夏回族自治州农村学龄儿童营养及体格发育状况,为改善贫困地区儿童健康提供数据支持。方法于2019年采用横断面调查方法抽取甘肃省临夏回族自治州农村10~12岁学龄儿童进行研究,测量身高和体重,计算体重指数(BMI)和儿童营养不良、生长迟缓、超重与肥胖检出率,评价儿童生长发育状况。结果临夏州农村10岁男女童平均体重分别为33.3、31.7kg,平均身高分别为139.8、138.7cm;11岁男女童平均体重分别为33.8、33.2kg,平均身高分别为141.1、141.7cm;12岁男女童平均体重分别为34.6、35.2kg,平均身高分别为143.2、143.8cm。营养不良检出率为35.1%(男36.9%,女33.0%),其中中重度消瘦检出率为23.4%,轻度消瘦检出率为11.7%;儿童超重检出率为4.7%,肥胖检出率为4.6%;儿童营养状况性别间(Z=368213.0)和年龄间(H=0.132)差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。儿童总生长迟缓检出率为5.8%,随年龄的增长而升高,男童为4.2%,女童为7.4%,儿童生长迟缓检出率性别间(χ^(2)=99.000)和年龄间(χ^(2)=198.000)比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。儿童身高发育水平性别间(Z=346398.0)和年龄间(H=150.97)差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甘肃省临夏州农村学龄儿童体格发育水平滞后,营养不良状况突出,应加强对当地儿童生长发育的关注,采取有效措施促进儿童健康发展。

Objective To investigate the physical development and nutrition status of rural school-age children in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province, so as to provide data support for improving children′s health in ethnic minority areas. Methods School children aged 10 to 12 years in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province in 2019 were selected in this cross-sectional survey. Height and weight of the participants were measured, then body mass index(BMI) was calculated. The detection rates of malnutrition, growth retardation, overweight and obesity were analyzed to assess children′s growth and development. Results The average weight was 33.3 kg and 31.7 kg for 10-year-old boys and girls in rural Linxia, which was 33.8 kg and 33.2 kg for 11-year-old boys and girls, 34.6 kg and 35.2 kg in 12-year-old boys and girls. The average height was 139.8 cm and 138.7 cm for 10-year-old boys and girls in rural Linxia, which was 141.1 cm and 141.7 cm for 11-year-old boys and girls, 143.2 cm and 143.8 cm in 12-year-old boys and girls. The detection rate of malnutrition was 35.1%(36.9% for boys and 33.0% for girls), including moderate malnutrition of 23.4%, mild malnutrition of 11.7%, overweight of 4.7% and obesity of 4.6%. There was no statistically significant difference in nutritional status among different gender and age groups(Z=368 213.0, H=0.132, P>0.05). The growth retardation rate increased with age, and the overall rate was 5.8%(4.2% for boys and 7.4% for girls). There were significant differences in growth retardation rate(χ^(2)=99.000, 198.000, P<0.001) and height(Z=346 398.0, H=150.97, P<0.05) among different gender and age groups. Conclusion The physical development level of rural school-age children in Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province lags behind, so it is supposed to strengthen the growth and development of children, and take effective measures to promote the healthy development of children.