孤独症谱系障碍儿童自我发展的特征及对临床康复的启示

Characteristics of self-development in children with autism spectrum disorder and its implications for clinical rehabilitation

对自我的认识是个体社交互动能力发展的基础,自我发展异常不仅是解释孤独症谱系障碍儿童(ASD)社交沟通障碍的重要机制,也是其问题行为发生的原因之一。本文梳理了ASD儿童自我认识的相关研究,阐述了自我发展异常对ASD儿童核心临床症状的影响,总结了对ASD儿童自我认识能力进行训练的临床实证研究,旨在为ASD儿童临床康复内容的选择提供参考依据。未来研究应更关注ASD儿童自我,尤其是心理自我的发展,聚焦于研发提升ASD儿童自我认识能力的方法,以促进其社会交往能力的发展,改善临床核心症状。

Self-awareness is the basis for the development of individuals′social interaction ability.Abnormal self-development is not only an important mechanism to explain the social interaction disorders in autistism spectrum disorder(ASD),but also one of the reasons for the occurrence of problematic behaviors.The paper reviews related researches on self-awareness of ASD children,expounds the influence of abnormal self-development on the core symptoms of ASD children,and summarizes the clinical empirical research on self-awareness training of ASD children,aiming to provide reference for the plan development of rehabilitation for ASD children.Further studies should emphasize self-development of ASD children,especially the psychological self-development,and focus on developing the methods to improve the self-cognition ability of ASD children,so as to promote their development of social interaction disorders and improve the core symptoms.