他者的欲望和欢愉——门罗小说《激情》中的“新现实主义”书写

The Desire and Jouissance of the Other:On the Neorealist Style in Alice Munro's“Passion”

加拿大短篇小说家艾丽丝·门罗不仅擅长刻画普通人物形象,还能够灵活借鉴现实主义、现代主义及后现代主义等多种流派的创作方法,堪称20世纪晚期兴起的"新现实主义"创作先驱。在门罗的作品《激情》中,三角恋这一现实主义题材在新现实主义书写中呈现出亦真亦幻的效果,揭示出真实和荒诞并存的物质与精神世界。从拉康式精神分析视角来看,小说中女性他者的欲望与欢愉在逃离与回归现实的过程中得以满足和实现,对主体身份建构的认识也更加明确。通过新现实主义手法展现他者的欲望和欢愉,门罗给女性"逃离"这一行为注入了新的时代内涵,表达了她对女性追寻独立与自由的独特见解。

Canadian short story writer Alice Munro is not only widely known for her portrayal of ordinary people,but also adept at appropriating writing techniques of realism,modernism,and postmodernism.She can be regarded as a forerunner of“Neorealist Fiction”which emerged in the late 20^(th)century.A typical example is Munro’s“Passion”,where the topic of love triangle,common in realist literature,takes on a partly realistic and partly illusive effect,juxtaposing reality and absurdity in the material and spiritual world.From the Lacanian psychoanalytic perspective,the female Other has her desire satisfied and jouissance fulfilled when she escapes from reality and then comes back to it.The female protagonist gains a clearer understanding of her identity construction.Through depicting the desire and jouissance of the Other,Munro infuses her insight into women’s“escape”,and conveys her unique view on women’s pursuit of freedom and independence in the new era.