大数据技术在地质灾害防治中的应用综述

Application of Big Data Techniques in Geological Disaster Analysis and Prevention: A Systematic Review

近年来,滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害频发,其危害性大,波及范围广,严重威胁人民群众生命及财产安全,制约经济社会发展和人民对美好生活需求的向往。经过多年技术攻关和群防群测工作积累,我国在地质灾害风险调查和隐患排查方面取得了明显成效,综合运用合成孔径雷达测量、高分辨率卫星遥感、无人机遥感、机载激光雷达测量等多种新技术手段以提高全国地质灾害调查评价精度的工作也在持续开展中。在新时代计算机技术的不断革新与发展下,基于大数据技术的地质灾害监测预警为地质灾害防治提供了新的思维范式和经验指导。为了促进对该领域发展新导向的深入了解,介绍了大数据方法在地质灾害数据获取、存储、分析的几种关键技术,综述了迄今国内外学者利用大数据技术开展地质灾害研究和防治方面的工作。

In recent years,frequent geological disasters such as landslides,debris flows,and rock collapses,which are featured by severe harm and wide spread,threaten people’s lives and property safety,and restrict economic and social development and people’s desire for a better life.After years of technical research,mass prediction and disaster prevention,China has achieved remarkable success in geological disaster risk and hidden danger investigation.In order to improve the accuracy of national geological disaster survey and evaluation,comprehensive use of a series of new technical methods,such as synthetic aperture radar,high-resolution satellite remote sensing,unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing and airborne lidar measurement,is underway.With the innovation and development of computer technology in the new era,the monitoring and early warning for geological disasters based on big data technology provide a new thinking paradigm and experience guidance for the prevention and control of geological disasters.For promoting an in-depth understanding of the new development direction in this field,key techniques in big data methods for acquisition,storage and analysis of geological disaster information are introduced,and progress on geological disasters analysis and prevention by worldwide scholars using big data techniques are reviewed.