公安部队领导体制的调整与变革(1953—1958年)

The Adjustments and Reforms of Leadership System in the Public Security Troops(1953-1958)

1953—1958年,为了更好地适应公安部队担负的任务,中央军委对公安部队的编制体制、领导关系进行了不断探索和调整。1955年,公安部队实行"小改",将专区、县的公安部队8万余人移交公安机关,改编为地方人民警察。1957年8月,公安军完成了裁减整编,撤销了公安军番号,公安军领导机构改编为总参谋部警备部,各地公安部队由军区直接领导,实现了"中改"的目标。1958年8月,公安部队再次进行精简整编,进行"大改",中国人民解放军公安部队改编为人民武装警察部队,建制序列由军队划归政府公安机关。至此,公安部队的领导体制完成了一次重大变革,初步形成了"适合这支部队任务特点的、具有中国特色的领导形式"。

From 1953 to 1958,in order to adapt to the missions of the public security troops,the Central Military Commission had been constantly exploring and adjusting the authorized strength system and leadership of the public security troops.In 1955,the public security troops conducted a"minor reform",which turned over more than 80,000 personnel belonged to the armed police troops in divisions and counties to the public security agency and reorganized them from the troop to the local people’s police.In August 1957,the public security army had been completed the reduction and reorganization and the designation of the public security army had been revoked.The leadership institution of the public security army reorganized to the Garrison Troops of Headquarters of the General Staff.The public security troops turned the leadership over local military region.Thus,the public security troops achieved the goal of"moderate reform".In August 1958,the public security troops was reorganized once again and finished a"major reform",which reorganized the Public Security Troops of People’s Liberation Army to People’s Armed Police Troops,and its organizational system changed from the army to the governmental public security agency.Until then,the leadership of public security troops accomplished a crucial reform and it preliminarily took shape"the leading form of which was suitable for the characteristics of missions of the force and with Chinese characteristics."