弱磁检测技术研究进展与展望

Research progresses and prospects of weak magnetic testing technology

弱磁检测技术是以铁磁材料力磁耦合效应为原理,通过采集构件表面自漏磁场信号,对铁磁材料的应力集中、早期损伤等进行诊断的无损检测技术。其主要优点包括无需激励磁化设备、无需提前处理构件表面、操作简单等等。梳理了近5年来弱磁检测方法研究进展,总结了缺陷处磁信号描述与计算方法,重点分析了利用弱磁检测技术判断与定位缺陷、缺陷损伤评判准则等方面的主要研究成果,陈述了缺陷定量化反演的进展,最后讨论了弱磁检测技术在工程上的应用现状。基于此,对弱磁检测技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Weak magnetic detection technology is a nondestructive technique based on the magnetic-force coupling effect.By measuring and analyzing the magnetic signal on the surface of the material,the stress concentration,early damage,and degree of damage in the ferromagnetic material can be readily detected and evaluated.The main advantage of the weak magnetic detection technology include no manual magnetization or attached sensor,no surface treatment of component,simple operation and so on.Based on the weak magnetic detection technology in the past 5 years,a theoretical model of the technology was established and the progress made in the description and calculation methods of magnetic signals at defects,the damage assessment criteria in judging and locating defects,the progress of quantitative inversion of defects and so on.Finally,the engineering applications status of this technology was discussed.Based on this review,the future research directions of weak magnetic detection technology were proposed.