低轨卫星物联网综述

A Survey on Low Earth Orbit Satellite Internet of Things

物联网技术的不断发展,有望为人类社会带来从智慧交通到智慧农业、智慧工业,从智慧家居到智慧城市等生产生活多方面的提升。在物联网框架中,大规模互联互通是关键问题之一。物联网要求覆盖非常广泛的区域,包括那些目前尚无地面网络覆盖的区域。因此,使用卫星对全球进行最广泛的覆盖,并以灵活和低成本的方式提供广域连通性,是一种可行的解决方案。本文介绍了利用卫星在偏远或农村地区部署物联网服务的现有解决方案,给出了几种架构和技术方案,分析了它们的特点和局限性,并给出了真实的测试用例。分析结果表明,低轨卫星提供了支持远程物联网服务的有效解决方案,在覆盖范围和传输延迟方面达到了良好均衡。此外,本文还将部署卫星物联网存在的问题和新挑战,以及相关创新技术作为重点,仔细研究了当前物联网标准化框架将对未来卫星物联网系统实际可能产生的影响。

The continuous development of Internet of Things technology is expected to bring about the improvement of production and life in human society from smart transportation to smart agriculture,smart industry,and from smart home to smart city.In the IoT framework,large-scale connectivity is oneof the key issues.The Internet of Things is required to cover a very wide range of areas,including those areas that do not have ground network coverage at present.Therefore,it is a feasible solution to use satellites to cover the world most extensively and provide wide area connectivity in a flexible and low-cost way.This paper introduces the existing solutions for deploying IoT services in remote/rural areas using satellites,gives several architectures and technical solutions,analyzes their characteristics and limitations,and gives real test cases.The analysis results show that LEO satellites provide an effective solution to support remote IoT services,and achieve a good balance in coverage and transmission delay.In addition,this paper also focuses on the problems and new challenges of deploying satellite IoT,as well as related innovative technologies,and carefully studies the possible impact of the current IoT standardization framework on the future satellite IoT system.