试论王夫之的义利观

A Discussion on Wang Fuzhi’s Concept of Righteousness and Benefit

王夫之在继承传统义利观的基础上,以张载的“气一”论为出发点批判宋明理学,深入考察了利与义的关系,论证了二者的相互交融与依存。他更大程度上认可了私利的正当性,并提出了义对利的导向作用,认为义作为外在规范内化于心时,具有教化“成人”的作用,并指出了“生”与“义”的联系。他诠释了具有三种不同层次、高度的义,并阐述了他所设想的基于“通义”的理想人格,即以古今之“通义”行义之事,才是人之为人的体现,人应以“通”的高度践行义,这体现了他相较于过往义利观的进步之处。

Building upon the traditional view of righteousness and benefit,Wang Fuzhi critiqued the Neo-Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties,starting from Zhang Zai's theory of“Qi Unity”.He thoroughly examined the relationship between benefit and righteousness,arguing for their mutual Interdependence and integration.Wang Fuzhi more significantly acknowledged the legitimacy of private benefit and proposed that righteousness should guide benefit.He believed that when righteousness,as an external norm,becomes internalized in the mind,it has an educative function that humanizes individuals.He also highlighted the connection between“life”and“righteousness”.Wang elaborated on three different levels and degrees of righteousness and conceptualized an ideal personality based on“universal righteousness”.He suggested that true human nature is realized by acting righteously in accordance with both ancient and modern principles of universal righteousness.This reflects the progressive aspects of his view compared to earlier interpretations of righteousness and benefit.