机会不平等如何影响家庭财富不平等——来自 CHFS数据的经验分析

How does opportunity inequality affect household wealth inequality——An empirical analysis from CHFS data

家庭财富不平等是经济不平等的基本表现形式,近年来倍受学者们的广泛关注。本文借鉴Roemer"环境—努力"二元分析框架,利用中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据测度收入分配中的机会不平等,并借助RIF-Gini回归模型剖析机会不平等影响家庭财富不平等的作用渠道。实证结果表明:机会不平等能显著正向影响家庭财富不平等。在克服机会不平等内生性影响后,结果依然稳健;渠道分析表明,机会不平等会阻碍个体教育水平提升和高质量就业,进而扩大家庭财富差距,以致陷入财富不平等自我放大的困境。本研究为理解中国家庭财富不平等的影响机制提供了新的视角。

Household wealth inequality is the basic form of economic inequality,which has been widely concerned byscholars in recent years.Based on Roemer’s"environment effort"dualistic analysis framework,this papermeasures opportunity inequality in income distribution with China Household Finance Survey(chfs)data,andanalyzes the channels of opportunity inequality affecting household wealth inequality with RIF-Gini regressionmodel.The empirical results show that:(1)opportunity inequality can significantly and positively affect house-hold wealth inequality.After removing the endogenous influence of opportunity inequality,the result is still ro-bust.(2)Channel analysis shows that inequality of opportunity will hinder the improvement of individual edu-cation level and high-quality employment,and then expand the household wealth gap,resulting in the dilemmaof wealth inequality self amplification.This study provides a new perspective for understanding the impactmechanism of household wealth inequality in China.