革命抑或改良?——创业型大学对高等教育传统功能和理念的继承与发扬

Revolution or Reform?Inheritance and Development of the Traditional Ideas and Functions of Higher Education by the Entrepreneurial University

创业型大学发展常被称为高等教育的"第二次革命",其模式也被认为是"大学的未来和未来的大学"。由于"革命"意味着对旧模式的全面否定,以之为口号加剧了创业型大学价值纷争的两极化。事实上,创业型大学模式更多的是顺应时代变化的"改良":从创业型大学的改革初衷和变革程度来看,其源自对高等学校社会服务职能的改进,不是对高等教育传统功能和理念的全盘颠覆,而是继承和发展。通过梳理创业型大学与经典大学理念的关系,我们发现,目前的创业型大学模式在不少方面自相矛盾,与经典大学理念形成冲突。同时,当前大学改革模式的趋同导致同质化发展,也不利于高等教育的多样性。因此,创业型大学不应该成为未来大学的统一模式。正确认识创业型大学改革的特点,明确当代高等教育功能的根本变化及创业型大学对经典大学理念的继承和发扬,可以帮助我们警惕大学被过度宣传的改革目标"异化"而陷入道德困境和质量危机。

The development of the entrepreneurial university is often referred to as the"second revolution"of higher education,and its model is also regarded as"the future of the university"and"the university of the future."Since the term"revolution"means a complete denial of the old model,its use as a slogan has exacerbated the polarization of value disputes on the entrepreneurial university.In fact,the entrepreneurial university model is more of a"reform"that is required by social changes.As for its original purpose and the degree to which it transforms,the entrepreneurial university is derived from and has further extended the social service function of higher education.Rather than a complete subversion,it has inherited and developed the traditional aims and functions of the university.By combing out the relationship between the entrepreneurial university and the traditional aims and functions of higher education,we have found conflicts between the entrepreneurial university model and the classical ideas of a university and contradictions between various aspects of the entrepreneurial university model itself.We have also found that the current isomorphism of university reforms leads to homogenization that has a detrimental effect on the diversification of higher education.We argue that the entrepreneurial university should not be a unified model for future universities.A deep understanding of its characteristics and its relationships with traditional aims of higher education would remind us of unintended consequences caused by rhetorical reforms towards the entrepreneurial university in terms of both quality and morality.